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Prompt

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Prompt

Reference analysis

With acetic acid, phenolphthalein turns within 0.05 mL of the 25.00 mL equivalence point; methyl orange has fully turned at 7.6 mL, 17.4 mL too early. Methyl orange works for HCl (0.02 mL early). The reason: from 24.95 to 25.05 mL the pH runs from 4.0 to 10.0 for HCl but from 7.5 to 10.0 for acetic acid, entirely above methyl orange’s range. Solving the full equilibrium for 25.0 mL of 0.100 M acetic acid as 0.100 M NaOH is added, without the usual shortcuts, using concentrations, at 25 °C, gives pH 2.88 at the start, 4.76 = pKa at the half-way point, and 8.73 at the equivalence point.

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